SEMAINE 24 – JOUR 1 Grammar Review + Listening
SEMAINE 24 · JOUR 1 · GRAMMAR REVIEW + LISTENING
Grammar Review
Reported Speech · Passive Voice · Relative Clauses
👋 Introduction
Aujourd'hui, tu vas réviser :
✅ Reported Speech
✅ Passive Voice
✅ Relative Clauses
✅ les erreurs les plus fréquentes
✅ la compréhension orale
Révisez tous les chapitres ci-dessous pour vérifier si vous avez tout compris. Il y aura un exercice à faire à la fin.
Écoute l'audio (2 écoutes recommandées) puis réponds aux questions.
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📄 Transcript
Maîtrise Reported Speech · Passive Voice · Relative Clauses · Erreurs fréquentes · Compréhension orale + Exercice d'application
💬 Reported Speech
1. What is Reported Speech?
Reported Speech (discours indirect) is used to report what someone said without using their exact words. The verb tense shifts back in time.
2. Tense Backshift Table
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| must | had to |
3. Time & Place Changes
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| now | then / at that moment |
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| here | there |
| this | that |
4. SAY vs TELL
SAY → not followed by a person directly. She said (that) she was tired.
TELL → always followed by a person. She told me (that) she was tired.
⚠️ Never: She said me… ✘ She told that… ✘
✔ Always: She said (that)… | She told me/him/her/us/them (that)…
✔ Always: She said (that)… | She told me/him/her/us/them (that)…
5. Reporting Questions
Yes/No questions : asked + if / whether — "Are you ready?" → He asked if I was ready.
Wh- questions : asked + wh-word + subject + verb — "Where do you live?" → She asked where I lived.
⚠️ No inversion in reported questions! ✘ He asked where did I live. ✔ He asked where I lived.
"I am working on a project." → She said she was working on a project. (Elle a dit qu'elle travaillait sur un projet.)
"I will call you tomorrow." → He told me he would call me the next day. (Il m'a dit qu'il m'appellerait le lendemain.)
"Can you help me?" → She asked if I could help her. (Elle a demandé si je pouvais l'aider.)
🎓 Coach Assoa : Pour maîtriser le Reported Speech, mémorise d'abord le tableau de backshift. Ensuite, retiens que say ≠ tell — c'est l'erreur numéro 1. Enfin, souviens-toi : pas d'inversion dans les questions rapportées !
🔄 Passive Voice
1. Structure of the Passive
Active : Subject + verb + object
Passive : Object → Subject + am/is/are/was/were + past participle + (by + agent)
2. Passive Tenses
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They build houses. | Houses are built. |
| Past Simple | She wrote the report. | The report was written. |
| Present Perfect | They have sent the email. | The email has been sent. |
| Future (will) | They will announce it. | It will be announced. |
| Modal | You must sign it. | It must be signed. |
3. When to Use the Passive
① The agent (doer) is unknown : My phone was stolen.
② The agent is obvious : The criminal was arrested.
③ The object is more important than the agent.
④ In formal / academic / news writing.
This school was built in 1995 by the government. (Cette école a été construite en 1995 par le gouvernement.)
English is spoken in many African countries today. (L'anglais est parlé dans de nombreux pays africains aujourd'hui.)
The results will be announced next Friday. (Les résultats seront annoncés vendredi prochain.)
⚠️ Common mistakes : ✘ The report was write by Aminata → ✔ was written · ✘ The car is repair now → ✔ is being repaired · ✘ By the government built this → ✔ This was built by the government.
🎓 Coach Assoa : Mémorise la formule : be + past participle. 'Be' change selon le temps (is, was, will be, has been…) mais le participe passé reste toujours le même. Vérifie toujours : est-ce que le sujet reçoit l'action ?
🔗 Relative Clauses
1. Quick Reference
| Pronoun | Used for | Example |
|---|---|---|
| WHO | People | The student who passed is brilliant. |
| WHICH | Things / Animals | The book which I read was great. |
| THAT | People OR Things (defining) | The car that he drives is new. |
| WHERE | Places | The city where I was born. |
| WHOSE | Possession | The girl whose bag was stolen. |
2. Defining vs Non-Defining
Defining (no commas) → identifies which one, essential info → WHO/WHICH/THAT/WHERE/WHOSE all allowed
Non-defining (with commas) → adds extra info → WHO/WHICH/WHERE/WHOSE only, NEVER THAT
The man who called you is my uncle. (defining) (L'homme qui t'a appelé est mon oncle.)
My uncle, who lives in Abidjan, called you. (non-defining) (Mon oncle, qui vit à Abidjan, t'a appelé.)
⚠️ Never use THAT in non-defining clauses : ✘ My sister, that is a nurse, lives in Bouaké. ✔ My sister, who is a nurse, lives in Bouaké.
3. Key Rules
💡 WHOSE = possession, works for people AND things. Ex : A country whose economy is growing.
💡 WHERE = in which. Never add "there" after WHERE.
💡 THAT can replace WHO or WHICH in defining clauses only. After superlatives and 'the only', THAT is preferred.
🎓 Coach Assoa : Pose-toi toujours deux questions : ① De quoi parle-t-on ? (personne → who, chose → which/that, lieu → where, possession → whose) ② L'info est-elle essentielle ? Si non → virgules + jamais THAT.
⚠️ Erreurs les plus fréquentes
Reported Speech — Top 4 Errors
✘ She said me that she was tired. ✔ She told me / She said (that) she was tired.
✘ He said that he will come. ✔ He said that he would come.
✘ She asked where did I live. ✔ She asked where I lived.
✘ He told that the meeting was cancelled. ✔ He told us (that) the meeting was cancelled.
Passive Voice — Top 4 Errors
✘ The letter was write by her. ✔ The letter was written by her.
✘ The car repaired now. ✔ The car is being repaired now.
✘ By the teacher explained the lesson. ✔ The lesson was explained by the teacher.
✘ They were build in 1990. ✔ They were built in 1990.
Relative Clauses — Top 4 Errors
✘ The teacher which taught us left. ✔ The teacher who taught us left.
✘ The city where I live there is nice. ✔ The city where I live is nice.
✘ My sister, that is a doctor, is kind. ✔ My sister, who is a doctor, is kind.
✘ The man which car was stolen called police. ✔ The man whose car was stolen called the police.
General Grammar — Top Errors
✘ She don't know the answer. ✔ She doesn't know the answer.
✘ I have visited him yesterday. ✔ I visited him yesterday.
✘ He is more taller than me. ✔ He is taller than me.
🎓 Coach Assoa : Lis ces erreurs à voix haute et répète la version correcte trois fois. Ce n'est pas la règle que tu mémorises qui compte — c'est la phrase correcte que tu répètes jusqu'à ce qu'elle devienne automatique.
🎧 Compréhension orale — Listen and understand
Listen to the following dialogues read aloud. Each dialogue uses Reported Speech, Passive Voice or Relative Clauses.
🗣️ Dialogue 1 — Konan talks to Adjoua about a meeting
Konan: "Did you hear what the manager said this morning?"
Adjoua: "No, I missed the meeting. What happened?"
Konan: "He told us that the new project had been approved by the board. He also said that the results would be announced next week."
Adjoua: "That's great! Do you know who is leading the project?"
Konan: "Yes — it's Aminata, the woman whose proposal impressed everyone."
🗣️ Dialogue 2 — A radio news report
Radio reporter: "The new community centre, which was built last year, was officially opened this morning by the mayor of Bouaké. The centre, whose construction was funded by local businesses, offers free English classes to young people who want to improve their professional skills. A local resident said that she had been waiting for this moment for a long time and that the centre would change her neighbourhood."
🗣️ Dialogue 3 — Job interview conversation
Interviewer: "Can you tell me about a challenge you faced at work?"
Candidate: "Yes. Last year, I was given a very complex project that had to be completed in two weeks. The report that I produced was reviewed by three senior managers. They told me that my work had impressed them and that I would be considered for a promotion."
Interviewer: "That's excellent. What skills do you think are most important for this role?"
Candidate: "I believe communication is the skill that makes the biggest difference — especially in a company where teamwork is valued."
💡 Tip: After listening, identify in each dialogue: ① one example of Reported Speech ② one passive structure ③ one relative clause. This is active listening — the most effective method.
15 questions couvrant Reported Speech · Passive Voice · Relative Clauses et les erreurs fréquentes. Timer : 15 minutes.
QUESTION 1 / 15
— / 15
📋 Révision des réponses
💬 DAILY IDIOM
Hit the nail on the head
Sens : Dire exactement ce qu'il fallait, viser juste.
1. "You really hit the nail on the head with that comment."
2. "Her analysis hit the nail on the head."
🔤 DAILY PHRASAL VERB
Sort out
Sens : Régler, résoudre un problème.
1. "We need to sort out this issue before the deadline."
2. "She sorted out the misunderstanding quickly."