because
+ sujet + verbe
Connecteur de cause universel. Introduit une proposition subordonnée complète.
She passed her BEPC because she studied hard every night.
He didn't come because he was ill.
Adjoua won the prize because her essay was excellent.
because of
+ nom / groupe nominal
Même sens que because mais suivi d'un nom, jamais d'un verbe conjugué.
The school was closed because of a power cut.
He was late because of the heavy traffic in Abidjan.
⚠ Piège : because of + nom ✓ | because of + he studied ✗
since / as
+ sujet + verbe
cause évidente
La cause est déjà connue des deux interlocuteurs. Plus formel que because.
Since Konan speaks English fluently, he got the job in Cocody.
As it was very hot, we stayed inside.
due to
+ nom
registre formel
Réservé aux essais, rapports et contextes officiels. Toujours suivi d'un nom.
The match was cancelled due to heavy rain.
His success was due to years of hard work.
but
coordination simple
Contraste direct entre deux propositions dans une même phrase.
I studied hard but I didn't pass.
She wanted to go but she had no money.
however
début de phrase
virgule après
Connecteur formel — commence une nouvelle phrase, toujours suivi d'une virgule.
He trained every day. However, he didn't qualify for the final.
Abidjan is a busy city. However, life there can be stressful.
although
even though
+ sujet + verbe
Although = concession modérée | Even though = concession renforcée (surprise forte).
Although it was hot, she kept studying.
Even though Kouamé trained daily, he was cut from the team.
despite
in spite of
+ nom / -ing
Même sens que although mais suivi d'un nom ou d'un verbe en -ing — jamais d'une proposition.
Despite the rain, they played football.
In spite of working hard, she failed the test.
⚠ Piège : despite + nom / -ing ✓ | despite + she studied ✗ (utilise although à la place)
while
whereas
comparaison opposée
Compare deux réalités parallèles mais opposées.
Konan loves maths whereas Aminata prefers English.
Life in Cocody is expensive, while Yopougon is more affordable.
so
coordination
résultat direct
Connecteur de conséquence le plus courant, oral et écrit.
It was raining, so we stayed home.
Aminata missed the bus, so she was late for the exam.
therefore
formel
résultat logique
Registre formel. Souvent précédé d'un point-virgule ou en début de phrase.
He worked hard; therefore, he succeeded.
The candidate was prepared; therefore, she impressed the jury.
as a result
début de phrase
virgule après
Introduit la conséquence d'un fait exposé dans la phrase précédente.
Konan trained every day. As a result, he won the competition.
They invested in education. As a result, the economy improved.
consequently
formel
Conséquence formelle. Utilisé dans les essais, rapports et discours officiels.
He refused to train. Consequently, he was dropped from the team.
Consequently, the government revised the policy.
so … that
intensité → conséquence
Exprime une intensité si forte qu'elle produit une conséquence. Structure fixe.
Formule : so + adjectif/adverbe + that + sujet + verbe
It was so hot in Bouaké that nobody went outside at noon.
She was so tired that she fell asleep during the lesson.
💡 Conseil du Coach Assoa
À l'écrit (BAC, BEPC, essai), utilise au moins un connecteur par famille dans ta production. Les correcteurs apprécient la variété. Pour marquer des points supplémentaires, essaie d'utiliser therefore ou consequently à la place de so — ces mots montrent que tu maîtrises un registre formel.
