SEMAINE 28 – JOUR 1 Revision & Speaking Project
INTRODUCTION
À la fin de cette leçon, tu seras capable de :
✅ réviser les principaux points de grammaire étudiés
✅ utiliser plusieurs structures dans une même conversation
✅ parler avec plus de fluidité et de confiance
✅ organiser tes idées de manière claire
NB: Le cours de ce jour est une révision qui peut depasser 45 minutes.
Cours en vidéo
B1–B2 Grammar Revision
Reported Speech • Passive Voice • Relative Clauses • Linking Words • Second Conditional • Modals of Probability
1. Reported Speech
Direct: He said, "I am tired." → Reported: He said (that) he was tired.
Tense moves one step back into the past.
Tense moves one step back into the past.
present simple → past simple: "I work" → he worked
present continuous → past continuous: "I am working" → he was working
present perfect → past perfect: "I have worked" → he had worked
past simple → past perfect: "I worked" → he had worked
will → would · can → could · must → had to
present continuous → past continuous: "I am working" → he was working
present perfect → past perfect: "I have worked" → he had worked
past simple → past perfect: "I worked" → he had worked
will → would · can → could · must → had to
today → that day · tomorrow → the next day · yesterday → the day before · here → there · this → that
💡 Tip: Pronouns and possessives also change. Adjoua said, "I love my city." → Adjoua said (that) she loved her city.
Coach Assoa says: Read the direct sentence first, find the verb tense, then move it one step into the past. Practise with real conversations you hear in Bouaké!
2. Passive Voice
Subject + BE + Past Participle (+ by + agent)
Active: Kouamé repairs the car. → Passive: The car is repaired by Kouamé.
Active: Kouamé repairs the car. → Passive: The car is repaired by Kouamé.
Present simple: is/are + V3 — The rice is cooked.
Past simple: was/were + V3 — The school was built in 1990.
Present perfect: has/have been + V3 — My phone has been stolen.
Future simple: will be + V3 — The results will be announced.
Modal + passive: must be + V3 — The homework must be finished.
Past simple: was/were + V3 — The school was built in 1990.
Present perfect: has/have been + V3 — My phone has been stolen.
Future simple: will be + V3 — The results will be announced.
Modal + passive: must be + V3 — The homework must be finished.
💡 Tip: Use the passive when the agent (who did the action) is unknown, unimportant, or obvious.
Coach Assoa says: Ask yourself "who does the action?" and "who receives the action?" — the receiver becomes the new subject in the passive.
3. Relative Clauses
who = people · which = things · that = people/things · whose = possession · where = place · when = time
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
Bouaké is the city where I was born.
This is the book whose cover is red.
I remember the day when we visited Cocody.
Bouaké is the city where I was born.
This is the book whose cover is red.
I remember the day when we visited Cocody.
💡 Tip: You can omit "who/which/that" when it is the object of the clause: The man (that) I met is a doctor.
Coach Assoa says: Ask "who or what am I talking about?" — that tells you which relative pronoun to pick.
4. Linking Words
Addition: and, also, moreover · Contrast: but, however, although · Cause: because, since, as · Result: so, therefore
Fatou studied hard, so she passed the exam.
Konan is poor, but he is happy.
I stayed home because it was raining in Yopougon.
She worked in Abidjan. However, she missed her family.
Konan is poor, but he is happy.
I stayed home because it was raining in Yopougon.
She worked in Abidjan. However, she missed her family.
💡 Tip: Put a comma before "but/so" in the middle of a sentence, and after "however" at the start.
Coach Assoa says: Linking words are bridges between ideas — choose the one that shows the real relationship (cause, result, contrast...).
5. Second Conditional
If + past simple, ... would + base verb
If I had money, I would travel to Abidjan.
If I had money, I would travel to Abidjan.
Unreal or hypothetical situations in the present/future — things that are imagined, not real.
If Aminata had more time, she would visit her grandmother.
If Aminata had more time, she would visit her grandmother.
💡 Tip: With "be", use "were" for all subjects: If I were you, I would study more.
Coach Assoa says: Dream a little! Second conditional is for "what if..." situations that are not real right now.
6. Modals of Probability
must = near certain (positive) · may/might/could = possible · can't = near certain (negative)
Kouamé isn't answering. He must be sleeping.
Fatou is wearing a coat in July — she can't be cold, it's hot!
The lights are off. They might not be at home.
Past: He must have been tired after the trip.
Fatou is wearing a coat in July — she can't be cold, it's hot!
The lights are off. They might not be at home.
Past: He must have been tired after the trip.
💡 Tip: "must not" is a prohibition, not a deduction. For a negative deduction, use "can't".
Coach Assoa says: Picture the evidence in front of you — how sure does it make you? That decides must, might, or can't.